The PowerPlex® and GenePrint® Systems provide powerful discrimination. Population statistics for the loci and their various multiplex combinations are listed here. These data were developed as part of a collaboration with The Bode Technology Group (Springfield, VA), North Carolina Bureau of Investigation (Raleigh, NC), Palm Beach County Sheriff’s Office (West Palm Beach, FL), Virginia Division of Forensic Science (Richmond, VA) and Charlotte/Mecklenburg Police Department Laboratory (NC). Generation of these data includes analysis of over two hundred individuals from African-American, Caucasian-American and Hispanic-American populations. Data for Asian-Americans includes analysis of over 150 individuals.
A measure of discrimination often used in paternity analyses is the paternity index (PI), a means for presenting the genetic odds in favor of paternity given the genotypes for the mother, child and alleged father. An alternative calculation used in paternity analyses is the power of exclusion.
Matching Probabilities of Various Populations
Paternity Indices in Various Populations
Power of Exclusion in Various Populations
| Matching Probabilities of Various Populations |
| STR Multiplex System |
African-American |
Caucasian-American |
Hispanic-American |
Asian-American |
| GenePrint® Silver STR Systems |
CTT System
(CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01) |
1 in 1,590 |
1 in 435 |
1 in 549 |
– |
FFv System
(F13A01, FESFPS, vWA) |
1 in 2,828 |
1 in 927 |
1 in 1,343 |
– |
SilverSTR™ III System
(D16S539, D7S820, D13S317) |
1 in 1,152 |
1 in 2,552 |
1 in 2,493 |
– |
| All 3 Silver Triplexes#(9 loci) |
1 in 5.18 × 109 |
1 in 1.03 × 109 |
1 in 1.84 × 109 |
– |
| GenePrint® Fluorescent STR Systems |
CTTv System
(CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, vWA) |
1 in 6,769 |
1 in 25,236 |
1 in 7,219 |
– |
FFFL Triplex System
(F13A01, FESFPS, F13B, LPL) |
1 in 2,658 |
1 in 16,802 |
1 in 3,276 |
– |
GammaSTR® III Triplex
(D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, D5S818) |
1 in 16,790 |
1 in 10,872 |
1 in 20,106 |
– |
All 3 Fluorescent Quadriplexes
(12 loci) |
1 in 3.0 × 1011 |
1 in 4.61 × 1012 |
1 in 4.75 × 1011 |
– |
| PowerPlex® Systems |
PowerPlex® 1.1 (or 1.2) System
(8 STR loci) |
1 in 2.74 × 108 |
1 in 1.14 × 108 |
1 in 1.45 × 108 |
1 in 1.32 × 108 |
PowerPlex® 2.1 System
(9 STR loci) |
1 in 3.0 × 1011 |
1 in 8.46 × 1010 |
1 in 1.02 × 1011 |
1 in 1.52 × 1011 |
PowerPlex® 1.1 Plus 2.1 System
(14 STR loci) |
1 in 4.19 × 1016 |
1 in 1.07 × 1016 |
1 in 1.59 × 1016 |
1 in 2.17 × 1016 |
PowerPlex® 1.1 Plus 2.1 System
Plus FFFL (18 STR loci) |
1 in 7.03 × 1020 |
1 in 2.84 × 1019 |
1 in 5.21 × 1019 |
1 in 1.14 × 1019 |
PowerPlex® 16 System
(15 STR loci) |
1 in 1.42 × 1018 |
1 in 1.83 × 1017 |
1 in 2.94 × 1017 |
1 in 3.74 × 1017 |
| Paternity Indices in Various Populations |
| STR Multiplex System |
African-American |
Caucasian-American |
Hispanic-American |
Asian-American |
| GenePrint® Silver STR Systems |
CTT System
(CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01) |
10.2 |
6.8 |
5.2 |
– |
FFv System
(F13A01, FESFPS, vWA) |
16.0 |
9.8 |
7.8 |
– |
SilverSTR™ III System
(D16S539, D7S820, D13S317) |
7.6 |
7.7 |
14.1 |
– |
All 3 Silver Triplexes
(9 loci) |
1,233 |
521 |
563 |
- |
| GenePrint® Fluorescent STR Systems |
CTTv System
(CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, vWA) |
29.4 |
19.26 |
10.51 |
– |
FFFL Triplex System
(F13A01, FESFPS, F13B, LPL) |
16.83 |
15.28 |
8.23 |
– |
GammaSTR® III Triplex
(D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, D5S818) |
16.93 |
13.51 |
30.40 |
– |
All 3 Fluorescent Quadriplexes
(12 loci) |
8,373 |
3,976 |
2,627 |
– |
| PowerPlex® Systems |
PowerPlex® 1.1 (or 1.2) System
(8 STR loci) |
498 |
260 |
319 |
471 |
PowerPlex® 2.1 System
(9 STR loci) |
13,130 |
13,199 |
3,250 |
41,800 |
PowerPlex® 1.1 Plus 2.1 System
(14 STR loci) |
6.11 × 105 |
4.08 × 105 |
1.63 × 105 |
2.02 × 106 |
PowerPlex® 1.1 Plus 2.1 System
Plus FFFL (18 STR loci) |
1.03 × 107 |
6.24 × 106 |
1.34 × 106 |
4.55 × 106 |
PowerPlex® 16 System
(15 STR loci) |
2,510,000 |
1,520,000 |
5,220,000 |
4,110,000 |
| Power of Exclusion in Various Populations |
| STR Multiplex System |
African-American |
Caucasian-American |
Hispanic-American |
Asian-American |
| GenePrint® Silver STR Systems |
CTT System
(CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01) |
0.906 |
0.869 |
0.830 |
– |
FFv System
(F13A01, FESFPS, vWA) |
0.938 |
0.904 |
0.881 |
– |
SilverSTR™ III System
(D16S539, D7S820, D13S317) |
0.877 |
0.880 |
0.929 |
– |
All 3 Silver Triplexes
(9 loci) |
0.9993 |
0.9985 |
0.9986 |
– |
| GenePrint® Fluorescent STR Systems |
CTTv System
(CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, vWA) |
0.967 |
0.953 |
0.918 |
– |
FFFL Triplex System
(F13A01, FESFPS, F13B, LPL) |
0.946 |
0.941 |
0.902 |
– |
GammaSTR® III Triplex
(D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, D5S818) |
0.946 |
0.934 |
0.967 |
– |
All 3 Fluorescent Quadriplexes
(12 loci) |
0.99990 |
0.99981 |
0.99974 |
– |
| PowerPlex Systems |
PowerPlex® 1.1 (or 1.2) System
(8 STR loci) |
0.9982125 |
0.9968853 |
0.9973337 |
0.9981793 |
PowerPlex® 2.1 System
(9 STR loci) |
0.9999219 |
0.9999242 |
0.9997134 |
0.9999759 |
PowerPlex® 1.1 Plus 2.1 System
(14 STR loci) |
0.9999988 |
0.9999982 |
0.9999951 |
0.9999995 |
PowerPlex® 1.1 Plus 2.1 System
Plus FFFL (18 STR loci) |
0.9999999 |
0.9999999 |
0.9999995 |
0.9999999 |
PowerPlex® 16 System
(15 STR loci) |
0.9999996 |
0.9999994 |
0.9999983 |
0.9999998 |